Availability Of Information Online Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accessibility Of Information Online - Essay Example E-learning is electronic based preparing which includes the exchange of directions and instructive material through the web or intranet or potentially CD-ROM (Mason, 2006). It might incorporate utilization of recordings, sound, or composed materials. Intelligent learning Reflective learning can be named one of the soonest learning technique. This strategy for learning can be clarified as intentionally pondering a circumstance and breaking down what one has done or is doing. The reasoning can include searching for shared characteristics, contrasts, and interrelations past their shallow components. It very well may be additionally observed as gaining from present or past experience (Moon, 2004). At long last, intelligent learning is the procedure by which one causes importance from encounters that to include more than basically taking care of occasions yet additionally, the cooperation others, nature and the world. Intelligent learning energizes investment, guarantees convergence of th e understudies and offers important system for improvement of experts in their individual fields. Intelligent adapting additionally empowers educators to gain from their encounters of instructing and encourage understudies learning (Brookfield, 2000). By utilization of the Kolb cycle (a lot of four distinct stages) teachers can gain valuable model by which to build up their training. The supposition of the Kolb cycle is that it is inadequate to incorporate an encounter to learn and that the cycle can be entered at any stage. The four phases of the Kolb cycle are solid experience, intelligent perception, dynamic conceptualization and dynamic experimentation. Solid experience includes real doing of a demonstration in order to have the direct understanding. Intelligent perception may include looking into and thinking about the experience obtained (Scho?n, 1987). Reflection conceptualization includes the reasoning procedure and closing of the learning experience. Dynamic experimentation is the arranging and the giving a shot of the data and encounters obtained. It is clear that through intelligent learning, the instructor obtains the important abilities which can empower the person in question successfully educates and guides the understudies (Scho?n, 1987). E-learning and Reflective learning The presentation and proceeded with spread of e-learning may prompt the division of scholastics from the researchers and will in general lead to the expectation that classes can be triumphant without the up close and personal contact of the understudy with the educator. E-learning might be generally proper if three variables are altogether tended to, which are innovation, instructional requirements, and training (Lynch, 2002). Nonetheless, most present day speculations of picking up (counting E-learning) advance the idea of intelligent learning as fundamental for profound and critical learning. The headway in innovation has empowered e-figuring out how to beat the customary i nconveniences of utilizing innovation to pick up understanding and information. (Stephenson, 2001) previously, web based learning was inactive, utilizing the typical showing focused methodology. Be that as it may, the e-learning approach utilized this days fuses the intelligent hypothesis of getting the hang of empowering students to watch, reflect, plan, and even to design their own learning. The web based learning action, highlighting reflections and coordinated effort, endeavors to help understudies in self-coordinated learning and in improving their aptitudes and information through planning customized learning programs that are appropriate to every understudy (Clarke,

Definition and Examples of Subvocalizing

Definition and Examples of Subvocalizing In spite of the fact that subvocalizing, the demonstration ofâ saying words quietly to oneself while perusing, will in general breaking point how quick we can peruse, it isnt fundamentally an unfortunate propensity. As Emerald Dechant watches, It appears to be likely that discourse follows are a piece of all, or almost all, thinking and most likely even quiet perusing. . . . That discourse helps believing was perceived by early savants and clinicians (Understanding and Teaching Reading). Instances of Subvocalizing An incredible however woefully under-talked about effect on perusers is the sound of your composed words, which they hear inside their heads as they subvocalizegoing through the psychological procedures of creating discourse, yet not really activating discourse muscles or articulating sounds. As the piece unfurls, perusers tune in to this psychological discourse as though it were spoken so anyone might hear. What they hear is, truth be told, their own voices saying your words, yet saying them silently.Here is a genuinely regular sentence. Have a go at reciting it quietly and afterward for all to hear. It was the Boston Public Library, opened in 1852, that established the American convention of free open libraries open to all residents. As you read the sentence you should see a delay in the progression of words after Library and 1852 . . .. Breath units partition the data in the sentence into fragments that perusers subvocalize separately.(Joe Glaser, Understanding Style: Practical Ways to Improve Your Writing. Oxford Univ. Press, 1999) Subvocalizing and Reading Speed The greater part of us read by subvocalizing (saying to ourselves) the words in the content. In spite of the fact that subvocalizing can enable us to recall what we read, it constrains how quick we can peruse. Since undercover discourse isn't a lot quicker than obvious discourse, subvocalization limits perusing pace to the pace of talking; we could peruse quicker on the off chance that we didnt make an interpretation of printed words into discourse based code.(Stephen K. Reed, Cognition: Theories and Applications, ninth ed. Cengage, 2012)[R]eading scholars, for example, Gough (1972) accept that in rapid familiar perusing, subvocalizing doesn't really happen on the grounds that the speed of quiet perusing is quicker than what might happen if perusers said each word quietly to themselves as they read. The quiet perusing speed for twelfth graders when perusing for importance is 250 words for each moment, though the speed for oral perusing is just 150 words for every moment (Carver, 1990 ). In any case, in starting perusing, when the word-acknowledgment process is far more slow than in gifted familiar perusing, subvocalization . . . might be occurring in light of the fact that the perusing speed is so much slower.(S. Jay Samuels Toward a Model of Reading Fluency. What Research Has to Say About Fluency Instruction, eds. S.J. Samuels and A.E. Farstrup. Universal Reading Assoc., 2006) Subvocalizing and Reading Comprehension [R]eading is message reproduction (like perusing a guide), and generally understanding of significance relies upon utilizing all the signals accessible. Perusers will be better decoders of significance is they comprehend sentence structures and on the off chance that they concentrate the majority of their preparing capacity on the extraction of implications utilizing both semantic and syntactic setting in perusing. Perusers must check the legitimacy of their forecasts in perusing by observing whether they delivered language structures as they probably am aware them and whether they bode well. . . .In rundown, a sufficient reaction in perusing along these lines requests substantially more than the insignificant recognizable proof and acknowledgment of the design of the composed word.(Emerald Dechant, Understanding and Teaching Reading: An Interactive Model. Routledge, 1991)Subvocalization (or perusing quietly to oneself) cant in itself add to significance or seeing anything else than perusing out loud can. Without a doubt, such as perusing out loud, subvocalization must be practiced with anything like ordinary speed and sound on the off chance that it is gone before by understanding. We dont hear ourselves out murmuring pieces of words or sections of expressions and afterward grasp. On the off chance that anything, subvocalization eases back perusers down and meddles with understanding. The propensity for subvocalization can be broken without loss of appreciation (Hardyck Petrinovich, 1970).(Frank Smith, Understanding Reading, sixth ed. Routledge, 2011)

How to De-Stress With a Smile

How to De-Stress With a Smile Stress Management Management Techniques Print How to De-Stress With a Smile Boost Your Mood (and Your Heart) By Sharon Basaraba twitter Sharon Basaraba is an award-winning reporter and senior scientific communications advisor for Alberta Health Services in Alberta, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Sharon Basaraba Updated on February 04, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Hero Images/Getty Images Next time youre so frustrated you feel like gritting your teeth, you might try grinning instead. Studies suggest  smiling is not only good for you psychologically, but physiologically, too. Surprisingly, a smile can bring you health benefits even if you don’t start out feeling happy. A team of psychologists from the University of Kansas set out to discover whether having your face in a smiling position could reduce stress. In their study, published in the journal Psychological Science, researchers Sarah Pressman and Tara Kraft wanted to test the old adage “grin and bear it to determine not what makes a person smile, but what a smile can do once it’s in place. About the Research Subjects were given a couple of different tasks known to be stressful, including tracing the outline of a star using the non-dominant hand while looking in a mirror (phew!)  and plunging a hand into a bowl of ice water for one minute. Study participants performed the tasks three different ways: without smiling, with the teeth held in a moderate smile and with a broad smile, all while holding a chopstick between their teeth as instructed by researchers. The chopstick provided a way of standardizing the facial expressions, in order to compare them and to create a smile artificially. A broad, or so-called Duchenne smile - named after the French neurologist who documented facial expressions back in the 1860s - engages not just muscles around the mouth, but around the eyes as well. Subjects with Duchenne smiles were coached to engage those muscles, too, though not asked explicitly to smile. What They Found Stress levels were gauged two ways: by taking heart rate measurements and by asking the subjects how stressed they felt while performing the difficult tasks. All of the participants, regardless of facial expression, reported feeling about the same degree of stress during the tasks. What differed, however, was how quickly the different groups heart rates returned to normal: the heart rates of the subjects with a neutral expression (no smile) took the longest to recover. Subjects heart rates in the broad-smiling group recovered the most quickly, and those with a moderate or so-called standard smile were in-between, still experiencing better heart rate recovery than those with a neutral face. The results support prior studies in which research subjects who used pencils to manipulate their facial expressions found certain cartoons funnier when their faces were held in a smiling position than when their expressions were neutral. Pressman and Kraft also cite past research that found similar areas of the brain appear to be activated, whether a smile is spontaneous (a result of good feelings), or displayed intentionally, without those emotions. Fake It Till You Make It? Should you fake a happy demeanor, would you feel less stressed? It depends. Research published in 2007 in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology reveals that subjects in a customer service call center simulation who were told to be enthusiastic and hide their frustration were more exhausted and made more mistakes on the job. The authors cite the energy cost felt by workers trying to act happy on the surface when they are not. Despite this, researchers write that focusing on positive thoughts or reappraising a difficult situation can help improve feelings over time. Deeply acted” faking of feeling happy is tiring but focusing on the positive can eventually result in a more positive outlook. The key may lie in how long the stressful situation lasts, according to Pressman. “Smiling is not a cure-all for every type of stress, especially for long-term stressors,” she says, like dealing repeatedly with hostile customers or other difficult people, but it may offer relief “for brief, acute stressors, and only for short periods of time or as an antidote to a passing negative mood.” So next time you’re stuck in traffic or the person ahead of you in the grocery line is taking too long, consider smiling. It may make you feel better and bring your heart rate down, too.

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Turning A Book Into A Movie - 902 Words

Turning a Book into a Movie for Whose Gain? The article: Turning a Book into a Movie: An Author’s Perspective, written by Michael Murie as a summary of a panel, at the Boston Book Festival, in which five authors discussed their experiences when their books were turned into movies. The five authors were: Nick Flynn, Daniel Handler, Buzz Bissinger, Rachel Cohn and Andre Dubus III. Just as each of the authors books were different, their experiences in the filmmaking process were very different. Cohn was thrilled with the production of her novel, Nick Norah’s Infinite Playlist. Cohn saw the movie as a â€Å"Two-hour advertisement for your [her] book† (Murie). In contrast, Bissinger was disappointed with the movie and TV series, which although†¦show more content†¦They both get publicity from each other, and both receive a share of the profit. If you remember in Michael Murie’s article Cohn says â€Å"It’s [the movie] like a two hour advertisement for your [the author’s] book† (Murie). Cohn’s quote illustrates the publicity the book gets from the movie, by comparing it to an advertisement. The movie gets publicity from the book in similar ways. For example the cover of my paperback copy of J.R. Tolkien’s Hobbit exclaims in bold letters â€Å"Now a Major Motion Picture†. Not only do both sides get publicity from each other, but both sides also share in the profit. Authors receive a profit by selling the rights of their book. Movie Producers make a fortune if the movie is a success. In addition to the publicity and profit, movie producers also receive a foundation for the movie and fans from the start, when they base their movies on books. Even though a book provides the movie producers with a foundation, the book can also stifle creativity. The five authors in Murie’s article all agreed that books do not make good scripts (Murie). Often the fans of the book transform into fans and supporters of the movie. Interest in the movie is generated before the movie is even created. However excitement for movies can be generated in other ways just as easily. For example fans of Marvel Studio movies will be excited for the next Marvel movie because it carries the Marvel name. Or a certainShow MoreRelatedThe Breakfast Club Movie Analysis1668 Words   |  7 Pagesbasketcase,† the students all have distinct personas. However, as the movie progresses, they discover they all have much more in common than they had previously thought. As a former high school studen t, the concept of the movie is relatively familiar to me. Communicating between strangers, bonding with other students much different from yourself, and forming of new friendships are all situations I have witnessed firsthand. 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The word ethics is defined as â€Å"standards of conduct or moral behavior.† The movie Wall Street, was the exact opposite of these definitions. The movie shows examples of hostile takeovers, insider trading, greed and unethical behaviors in the attempt to build fortune on the all mighty dollar. The movie focuses on the stock market and the way inside information is used to make decisions to build cash and profits at the costs of others. Read MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Battle Of Thermopylae Essay1165 Words   |  5 Pagesover the world because its huge charm that can grab everyone s attention on it. The movie 300 it had to reveal the mysterious of Sparta, it had come to refresh people s memory of Sparta. Also, its magnificent film and excellent action thought out the movie impact our impression of Spartans. The Spartans had once again come in front of people, its amazing history had remembered by everyone who saw the movie. 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Roles of Reality in Children’s Literature Free Essays

The Role of Reality in Children’s Literature Anna Scott The Role of Reality in Children’s Literature Historical Fiction Historical Realism attempts to recreate a reality of the past, to capture the milieu of a time gone by and must be set at least a generation before the writing of the book. It has the power to broaden our horizons, to learn more about the people and places of our world by reading about the past—where we all came from (Russell, 2009). One such powerful story, one of the inhumanity and sacrilege of World War II and a family’s journey through it all is Lois Lowry’s Number the Stars. We will write a custom essay sample on Roles of Reality in Children’s Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now Family and Social Values Number the Stars is an excellent example of historical fiction which deals directly with the Nazi regime. Here and there is a bit of violence, suspense and fear of the soldiers, but it is mostly a story of bravery, courage, friendship and hope. A young girl named Annemarie Johanson grows up in occupied Denmark during the Second World War. She learns first-hand about the plight of the Jews in her country when she and her family help her best friend Ellen Rosen and her family escape to Sweden. A soldier appears when the Johanson’s take Ellen in for one night while Ellen’s mother and father are taken to a safe place. Annemarie helps Ellen by hiding her Star of David necklace so the soldiers do not see it. Ellen pretends to be Annemarie’s dead sister Lise and is hopeful that the soldiers do not find out. The next day Annemarie, her mother, Annemarie’s Uncle Henrik and Brother-in-law Peter help Ellen and her family flee to Sweden. During the most intense parts of the book, the two families (Johanson’s and Rosen’s) are often put face to face with the enemy. At one point, the family is gathered around a coffin along with other families in hopes to meet to discuss future events that will aid in their safe departure from the country. But when a soldier enters and demands the coffin be opened, the family must decide quickly a plan to fool the soldier and to convince him that they are truly mourning a death, and not conspiring against the soldiers. Uncle Henrik tells Annemarie: â€Å"It is much easier to be brave if you do not know everything†¦ e only know what we need to know† (Lowry, 1989) and Annemarie quickly discovers that it is better to know less than to know the truth, as the fear is so much more apparent when the truth is known. This story is filled with aspects of respect and unity as both families treat each other equally and protect each other, even though Ellen’s family is Jewish and Annemarie’s isn’t. Ellen and Annemarie’s friendship is a true testament to how far you will go to protect a friend. Almost every character exemplifies bravery in one way or another. Annemarie does not think she is brave even though she took her Uncle his forgotten â€Å"lunch† and takes on two German soldiers. When Uncle Henrik tells her, â€Å"That’s all that brave means, not thinking about the dangers. Just thinking about what you must do† (Lowry, 1989), Annemarie learns that being scared or frightened does not mean that one is not brave. Annemarie and her family push through the fears and the unknown to strive for what is right and what they believe in. Literary elements and structural devices Number the Stars is a serious yet hopeful story that provides details about wartime experience. Told in third person, Number the Stars reflects a child’s view of the Nazi occupation in Denmark. The characters main cultures are Danish, Jewish and German and it is assumed that the characters have traditional gender roles and behaviors. The story is set in the Protagonist against Society conflict where the protagonists are the main characters: Annemarie and her family and Ellen and her family and they are against the Nazis values and morals. Number the Stars is a coming of age story about family and close friends that entails the characters likes, dislikes, struggles and triumphs. Based in fact or History In Number the Stars, Lowry tells of the realistic story of life in Denmark during World War II through the lives of two young girls, but while reading there is not too much evidence that the story is not real. The book tells the true events of the Nazi soldiers in that time period as well as Jewish people becoming targeted by Nazi’s and other’s helping them hide. According to Lowry, Number the Stars is a novel that was inspired by a friend who had grown up in Denmark during World War II. It is based on hours of conversations with her friend and others who experienced the hardships of World War II and in much of her writing; Lowry tries to tell the big story by relating small details (â€Å"Study Guide for Number the Stars (pdf)†, n. d). Most of her explanation about where the story came from and where fact ends and fiction begins is at the end of the book in the Afterword. Here she explains that she had always been fascinated and moved by her friends descriptions not only of the personal deprivation and sacrifices that her family and neighbors suffered through but the courage and integrity of the Danish people and the leadership of the kind they loved, Christian X (â€Å"Study Guide for Number the Stars (pdf)†, n. d). Reading this afterword, adds an element to the story that you thought was already there. You can easily identify the time, place and discover the families while you are shown examples of honor, hope, friendship, bravery and courage all knowing that portions of the story have a small inkling of truth. Summary We read realism because we are interested in the lives of the characters—their loves, fears, likes, dislikes, struggles, and triumphs. What we learn is that human beings of different times and places have a great deal in common (Russell, 2009). In Number the Stars, there are lessons of friendship, honor, respect, unity, and bravery within the story. Lois Lowry gives us a moving story that shows us in the face of Nazi bigotry and hatred, honor and hope still prevail. We are told that we can learn from the past, that we can avoid the same mistakes however, covering it up does not erase it. Being ignorant only leaves us unprepared for the future so we should not only uncover the horrors of the past, but also show the glories as well. References EBOOK COLLECTION:  Russell, D. L. (2009). Literature for children: A short introduction (6th ed. ). Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn Bacon. Lowry, L. (1989). Number the Stars. New York, New York: Houghton Mifflin Books for Children. Study Guide for Number the Stars (PDF). (n. d. ), Retrieved from http://www. glencoe. com/sec/literature/litlibrary/pdf/number_the_stars. pdf How to cite Roles of Reality in Children’s Literature, Papers

BIM and Knowledge Management Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the BIM and Knowledge Management. Answer: Introduction: The growth of the nation economy depends upon construction industry. The construction industry helps in increasing 105 of GDP. The construction sector is facing problems such as spiralling costs, increasing efficiency of the demand, issues related to fragmentation, lack in collaboration, and lack in coordination among team members. The initiatives are going in the field of knowledge management to increase the level of construction industry. The knowledge management strategy helps in facilitating the communication and coordination among the supply chain management program. The use of business information modelling framework helps in enhancing the knowledge repositories to develop the strong communication relationship among the team members. The knowledge intensive activities are laid down in the construction organization to manage the efficiency and effectiveness of the information. The awareness of the knowledge management program brings change in practices, innovation, and procedure s (Kenley, 2011). The quality of the work can be improved by focusing on the knowledge management strategy to provide effective and efficient information according to the requirement of the work. The use of BIM provides the set of tools and technologies to improve the product performance by focusing on associated stakeholders and variation in processes and requirement. The BIM is the tools which are used for designing 3 dimensional digital models (Boston, 2012). The information can be effectively accessed by the participating units. The strong relationship can be developed between stakeholders and the process used to develop the construction projects. The contemporary technologies of BIM helps in facilitating the design and construction process which is deployed for developing the projects. The BIM provides the model for virtual building to develop collaboration between architecture, engineering tools, and construction activities. The role played by the BIM knowledge management is to provide ease of collecting and managing information, developing relationship between various participating objects, tracking and managing of information, ensuring identification of problems, and others. The transformation of the infrastructure can be done by changing the process associated with designing, planning, analysing, and managing. BIM and Knowledge Management: The building knowledge model can be efficiently developed by using the BIM technology. The digital design is efficiently developed by team members to facilitate the construction activities (Omotayo, 2015). The knowledge management maintains the flow of information to handle the complexity of supply chain management program throughout the life cycle of the project. The knowledge can be reused by effectively manage the integration between BIM and KM. The BIM make use of the web technologies to provide the visual platform to demonstrate the flow of construction activities. The following table shows the areas of knowledge management which make use of BIM: Knowledge management Area Use of BIM Role Gather Capture information BIM helps in representing the current status of the facility elements BIM focuses on collecting the relevant information Quantify the information It helps in measuring the advantage of processes which are undertaken Quantification of processes Monitoring The performance of the system can be monitored correspondent to the user expectation Observation and measurement of activities Qualify Identification of the good quality elements It helps in tracking and identifying the good quality activities Generate Prescription of activities Helps in specifying the flow of construction activities Specify the sequence of activities Arrangement Location and placement of construction activities Configuration of layout of construction activities Size Helps in determining the magnitude of the flow of activities Scaling the activities which are relevant to the project Analysis Coordination of activities Developing the relationship between the associated stakeholders (Yang, 2013) Detecting and managing the coordination of activities Forecasting The forecasting of activities helps in predicting the future performance of the activities Simulation and predicting the flow of activities Validation The accuracy of the information should be logically checked Confirmation of the activities should be taken periodically Communication Visualization The realistic representation of the activities helps in enhancing the performance of the construction activities (Joseph, 2011) The periodic review of the activities should be carried out Transformation Modification of information helps in enhancing the performance of the process Translation of processes Drawing and designing The symbolic representation of construction activities Development of the draft in detail Documentation The information of the project activities should be recorded for future use Schedules and reports should be prepared Realization Fabrication The manufacturing of the processes can be improved Manufacturing of activities Assemblage The assembling and integration of activities can improved the quality of activities Pre-fabrication of activities Controlling The physical manipulation of activities can enhance the working capability of the processes Manipulation of activities Regulation The operation of the activities should be regulated periodically Direct usage of activitis BIM Conceptual Framework: The conceptual framework of construction activities helps in enhancing the knowledge management system of the proposed project. The creation and deployment of the sharing parameters helps in taking initiatives of the project (Bouzza, 2015). The generation of knowledge can be created by focusing on the reviews, omissions, and errors. The framework of BIM depends on five major component field which are categorised as designing, construction, operation, stakeholder management, and improvement in performance. It focuses on constructing the activities related to design, construction, and engineering. The graphic information model is used for sharing of information by deploying the virtual construction system. The sharing of information and scheduling of activities depends on the virtual design of the construction project. Various knowledge management areas are used for sharing the text based illustration to enhance the affordability of illustration. The BIM based environment effectively i ncreases the knowledge sharing process by improving the decision making capability of the project manager and top management. The BIM model requests for appropriate information to develop the scenario to resolve the issues of the existing situation. The performance of the project can be improved by using the technique of BIM. The BIM make use of methodology for leveraging the object oriented inheritance (Liu, 2010). The sharing of innovative ideas and information helps in enhancing the construction process. The framework makes use of knowledge management to enhance the functionality of the construction activities. The schematic design phase can be developed with the use of shared parameters. The strategies should be built between dissemination and knowledge generation (Rowlinson, 2013). The construction process helps in achieving the milestone of the organization. The continuous improvement of the project depends upon the dissemination of knowledge. The database of the system helps in retrieving the information related to stakeholders, project processes, procedures, and others. The knowledge management in construction industry is used for collecting, reusing, modelling, evaluation, and maintaining knowledge information associate d with the construction industry. The efforts are going in the field of knowledge management to improve the quality of work provided to enhance the construction activities. The key drivers of the knowledge management helps identifying and mitigating risks associated with the project. The BIM is the recommended technology to resolve the risks associated with the construction industries. Procedures used to deploy BIM knowledge management: There are several phases in the deployment of BIM knowledge management procedures which are summarised in the table below: Phases Description Creation of issues The developer should focus on the project procedures, methods, policies, activities, and others to generate list of issues and risks associated with the development of the project to opt the mitigation methods. Sharing of Knowledge Different methods should be used for sharing of implicit and explicit knowledge for providing proper structure to the coordinated units. Updating knowledge phase The identification and editing of the knowledge associated with the project activities should be done periodically to remain proactive of the new risks which can generate with the flow of activities. Description: The design of the construction project can be improved with the help of BIM. The cost of the project can be reduced to the high extent. The designing of the project is done in such a way so as to complete it before the expectation of the customers. The BIM is applied in all the three phases of the construction which are categorised as pre-construction activities, construction activities, and post construction activities (Aziz, 2013). The efficiency of the project can be improved with the use of BIM tools and technologies. The decision making capability of the management can be improved which results in providing high quality construction work at the site. The completion of the project can be done within the specified time and cost. The clashing of activities can be resolved with the use of business information modelling. The quality of the construction project can be improved by organising the activities in proper format during the initial stages of the project (Lindblad, 2013). The following table shows the role of BIM in construction activities: Phases and activities Stage Description Pre-construction activities Modelling of the existing condition It helps in enhancing the accuracy based on existing condition Planning It focuses on scheduling the sequence of activities during the initial stages of the project Designing phase It helps in enhancing the communication mechanism for providing decision at faster rate. It helps in detecting and analysis of the clashing of activities. It focuses on increasing the effectiveness of the design Scheduling The sequence of activities can be generated to enhance the efficiency of the construction activities. The progress of the activities can be tracked with the help of BIM tools. Estimation The 3D project model gives the clear view of the project before its development Analysis of the site The tracking of cost and time helps in developing the project within the allocated budget and cost Construction activities Construction and development phase The construction phase helps in maintaining the flow of traffic, materials required for the site development, and required associated machinery (Kivitis, 2013). The controlling of cost and cash flow helps in tracking of activities The flow of resources helps in completing the project activities before the allocated time (Krystyna, 2011) Post Construction activities Management of operation and associated facilities Keeping track of the construction site Proactive management of facilities provided Development of schedule for maintenance program The activities such as designing, planning, budgeting, and scheduling which are associated with the construction of project can be actively developed and maintained with the use of BIM tools and technologies. The platform of BIM helps in providing evolutionary design of architect of the infrastructure. The speed of the designing process can be increased by maintaining proper communication with the stakeholders. The visualization of the 4D model helps in enhancing the construction process to solve the problems associated with the building of the assets. The quality of the design, decision, and working capability can be improved by using the BIM tools in the working curriculum of the construction activities. The cost estimation accuracy can be achieved by using the business information modelling. The coordination of the activities help in resolving the conflicting issues associated in the construction activities. The integration of the activities helps in resolving the internal conflic t. The BIM based automated code checking process is used for maintaining distribution of activities at construction site. The Business information modelling and knowledge management helps in facilitating the sharing of knowledge, solving problems, approving proposals and drawings. The relevancy in the process deployed can be achieved by sharing of knowledge. The explicit and implicit knowledge helps in managing the flow of information to enhance the working capability of the construction activities. The role played by the BIM knowledge management is to provide ease of collecting and managing information, developing relationship between various participating objects, tracking and managing of information, ensuring identification of problems, and others. The handling of problems is based on developing the matrix which can evenly identify the knowledge issues, attributes of knowledge, description and the problem area of the project, and attachment of knowledge support such as drawings, proc ess, reports, and document. The user friendly environment is provided to the stakeholders of the project by initializing the methodology of BIM knowledge management. The BIM files helps in granting authority and authentication to the user of the project to handle the construction activities. The interface layer is provided to the end user to access the database and application. The BIM model is capable of storing and retrieving information related with the project activities, comments, knowledge, and others. The accuracy of the flow of activities at the construction site can be enhanced with the use of BIM with Knowledge management scheme to provide good quality construction site. Benefit of BIM: The construction site faces some problems such as delay of the project, construction of the dirty sites, and difficulty in managing site condition, poor work quality, cause of accidents on construction site, and many others. These problems can be evenly managed by using the ICT technology of BIM in the working curriculum of the construction industry. The development of the virtual design helps in managing the construction site effectively (Onyango, 2016). The quality of the work and infrastructure of the site can be improved with the help of the 3D design. The capability of the system depends on the skills associated with the employees of the organization. The potential problems which are associated with the pre-construction phase, during the construction phase, and post construction phase can be resolved by managing project planning with the use of BIM technology. The business information modelling provides the following benefits to the construction industry: Benefit Description Increasing the speed and utility of the construction activities The sharing of information can be easily carried out. The value and the reusability of the information can be enhanced by using the BIM technology Enhancing the collaboration and coordination between construction and design phase The analysis and the simulation of the asset proposal should be rigorously done to improve the performance and benchmarking of the innovative solutions Improving quality of data The flexibility can be achieved in the documentation. The automation in the activities can be exploited. The management of assets depends upon requirement, designing, operational information, and construction. Data visualization The BIM is capable of adding values to the 3D visualization technique. The misinterpretation of the activities can be realign the activities on the basis of the stakeholder expectation Enhancing the finding of the faults The modelling of the design helps in reducing the conflict associated with the construction activities. BIM is capable of resolving the internal conflict of the model. Challenges of BIM: The construction site faces some problems such as delay of the project, construction of the dirty sites, difficulty in managing site condition, poor work quality, cause of accidents on construction site, and many others. There are some negative aspects associated with the BIM activities. Some of the challenges are described below: Disadvantages Description A single design detailed model BIM does not provide any alternative design option for managing the construction activities. Interoperability The BIM provides the standard software to manage the requirement and change needed in the project life cycle. Additional work for the designer The designer has to create the model of the project on the BIM software. The drawing should provide complete portfolio of the building structure. It increases the work pressure of the designer to provide complete design of the building at first site. BIM size and complexity The data sharing is the difficult task for the BIM because the heavy files have to be shared which are associated with the project (Azhar, 2011). The real time accessing of the file requires the broad band internet access. Security Security is the major concern in the deployment of BIM in the working curriculum of the organization. Implication of the trade practices The BIM is becoming the mandatory trading option in some of the countries Issues related with IP The designer developed the rich model which is equipped with IP risks (Abanda, 2015) Issues related with the authentication of user The authentication of users helps in securing authenticity questions Costs The extra cost is spend on the deployment of new technology in the working curriculum of the organization Socio technical issues The implementation of new technology raises the socio technical issues because the employees are not ready to opt new working technology Skill issues The capability of the system depends on the skills associated with the employees of the organization Conclusion: The use of business information modelling framework helps in enhancing the knowledge repositories to develop the strong communication relationship among the team members. The BIM provides the model for virtual building to develop collaboration between architecture, engineering tools, and construction activities. The strong relationship can be developed between stakeholders and the process used to develop the construction projects. The Business information modelling and knowledge management helps in facilitating the sharing of knowledge, solving problems, approving proposals and drawings. The relevancy in the process deployed can be achieved by sharing of knowledge. The graphic information model is used for sharing of information by deploying the virtual construction system. The sharing of information and scheduling of activities depends on the virtual design of the construction project. The BIM make use of the web technologies to provide the visual platform to demonstrate the flow of construction activities. The BIM model is capable of storing and retrieving information related with the project activities, comments, knowledge, and others. The initiatives are going in the field of knowledge management to increase the level of construction industry. References: Abanda, H. (2015). A critical analysis of building information modelling system used in the construction industry. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 03 Sep. 2016]. The author focuses on the user friendly environment provided to the stakeholders of the project by initializing the methodology of BIM knowledge management. Azhar, S. (2011). Building information modelling: Benefits, risks, and challenges. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 03 Sep. 2016]. The paper focuses on the use of BIM in adding values to the 3D visualization technique. The misinterpretation of the activities can be realign the activities on the basis of the stakeholder expectation. Aziz, Z. (2013). A case study of fostering multidisciplinary in built environment using BIM. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 03 Sep. 2016]. The paper focuses on the framework which makes use of knowledge management and BIM to enhance the functionality of the construction activities. Boston, S. (2012). Shaping the future of construction. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 21 Aug. 2016]. The paper highlights that the BIM based environment effectively increases the knowledge sharing process by improving the decision making capability of the project manager and top management. Bouzza, T. (2015). The use of building information modelling in managing knowledge in construction project delivery: A conceptual model. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 03 Sep. 2016]. The modelling of the design helps in reducing the conflict associated with the construction activities. BIM is capable of resolving the internal conflict of the model. Joseph, H. (2011). A critical analysis of building information modelling system used in the construction projects. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 03 Sep. 2016]. The author focuses on the critical analysis of the activities such as designing, planning, budgeting, and scheduling which are associated with the construction of project can be actively developed and maintained with the use of BIM tools and technologies. Kenley, R. (2011). Construction project control methodologies and productivity improvement: EVM, BIM, LBM. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 03 Sep. 2016]. In this paper the author focuses on the role played by the BIM knowledge management is to provide ease of collecting and managing information, developing relationship between various participating objects, tracking and managing of information, ensuring identification of problems, and others. Kivitis, R. (2013). Enabling Sustainability and asset management through knowledge management. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 03 Sep. 2016]. The BIM provides the model for virtual building to develop collaboration between architecture, engineering tools, and construction activities. Krystyna, A. (2011). Building information modelling: An innovative way to manage risks in construction project. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 03 Sep. 2016]. In this paper, the author focuses on the accuracy of the flow of activities at the construction site can be enhanced with the use of BIM with Knowledge management scheme to provide good quality construction site. Lindblad, H. (2013). A study of the implementation process of BIM in construction projects. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 03 Sep. 2016]. The author highlights the use of BIM provides the set of tools and technologies to improve the product performance by focusing on associated stakeholders and variation in processes and requirement. Liu, Z. (2010). Feasibility analysis of BIM based information system for facility management 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 03 Sep. 2016]. In this paper, the author focuses on the feasibility study of the BIM for facilitating the management of the construction activities. Omotayo, O. (2015). Knowledge management as an important tool in organization management: A review of literature. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 21 Aug. 2016]. The Business information modelling and knowledge management helps in facilitating the sharing of knowledge, solving problems, approving proposals and drawings. Onyango, A. (2016). Interaction between lean construction and BIM. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 03 Sep. 2016]. The knowledge management and BIM strategy helps in facilitating the communication and coordination among the supply chain management program. Rowlinson, S. (2013). BIM collaboration: A conceptual model and its characteristics. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 03 Sep. 2016]. The author develops the conceptual framework of activities and highlights the features which are added by the BIM in the implementation of the project. Yang, G. (2013). Application of BIM models for construction process planning. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 03 Sep. 2016]. The BIM is actively used in every phase of the project life cycle such as planning, designing, analysing, and implementation.